A root canal — also called a root filling — is a treatment that saves an infected or badly damaged tooth by removing the inflamed tissue inside it, cleaning the space, and sealing it, so you keep your natural tooth instead of losing it. Despite its reputation, a modern root canal is done with anesthetic and is usually no more uncomfortable than a routine filling.
What a root canal treats
Inside each tooth is soft tissue called the pulp. When decay, a crack, or an injury lets bacteria reach it, the pulp becomes infected — which causes pain and, left untreated, can lead to an abscess. A root canal removes that infected tissue and saves the tooth.
Root canal vs. root filling: same treatment, two names
If you've heard the term root filling, it means the same thing as a root canal. Root filling is the more common name in the UK, and it describes the final step of the treatment, when the cleaned canals inside the tooth are filled with a rubber-like material and sealed. In the U.S., root canal usually refers to the whole procedure. Either way, the goal is the same: clear out the infection and keep your natural tooth.
What happens during the procedure
Your dentist numbs the area, makes a small opening in the tooth, cleans out the infected pulp, disinfects the canals, and fills and seals them. Because the tooth is often weakened, it's usually protected afterward with a crown. Many cases are completed comfortably in one or two visits.
Does a root canal hurt?
The procedure itself is done under anesthetic, and sedation options are available if you'd like extra comfort. Most people find the toothache that brought them in was far worse than the treatment that fixed it. Some tenderness for a few days afterward is normal.
How do I know if I need one?
Common signs include lingering tooth pain, sensitivity to hot or cold that doesn't fade, swelling, or tenderness in the gums. Only an exam and X-ray can confirm it — and if you're in pain now, many Ideal Dental offices offer same-day emergency care. For the money side, see how much a root canal costs, and to weigh saving vs. removing a tooth, tooth extraction vs. root canal.
Frequently asked questions
What is a root canal?
A root canal saves an infected or badly damaged tooth by removing the inflamed tissue inside it, cleaning the space, and sealing it — so you keep your natural tooth instead of losing it.
What is a root filling?
A root filling is another name for a root canal. The term is more common in the UK and refers to the final step, when the cleaned canals inside the tooth are filled and sealed. Both names describe the same treatment.
Does a root canal hurt?
The procedure is done under anesthetic, with sedation options available for extra comfort. Most people find it's no worse than a routine filling and a relief from the toothache.
Does a root filling hurt?
No more than a root canal, because it's the same treatment. The area is numbed first, and it's normal to feel some tenderness for a few days afterward, which over-the-counter pain relievers usually manage.
How do I know if I need a root canal?
Lingering pain, sensitivity to hot or cold that doesn't fade, swelling, or gum tenderness can be signs. An exam and X-ray are the only way to know for sure.
Do I need a crown after a root canal?
Often, yes — a treated tooth can be more fragile, so a crown protects it and restores full function. Your dentist will let you know what your tooth needs.